Analysis and data collection: Esma Akçiçek, Uğur Can Özkan, graphic design: Natalia Matiaszczyk
During the first seven months of 2025, as the President of Türkiye, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan engaged in diplomatic contacts with heads of state and government from various regions through both in-person visits and telephone conversations. In January, a phone call with Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni marked the first diplomatic interaction of the year. In February, alongside meetings with the leaders of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, official visits were made to Malaysia, Indonesia, and Pakistan, during which bilateral relations, strategic cooperation areas, and regional developments were discussed. During these engagements, several memoranda of understanding were signed, and opportunities for cooperation in various fields were evaluated.
In the spring period, diplomatic activity was primarily focused on Europe and Central Asia. In April, a working visit was paid to Italy, while in May, participation took place in the TEKNOFEST award ceremony held in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Contacts with the leaders of France, Albania, Hungary, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan addressed both bilateral relations and cooperation within multilateral platforms. At the end of May, telephone conversations held on the same day with the leaders of Ukraine, Hungary, and Somalia served as an example of simultaneous diplomatic engagements across different regions.
In June, the Israel-Iran tensions in the Middle East became a key topic of discussion in meetings. Telephone calls with the leaders of Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, the United States, and Germany addressed regional security issues. In addition, participation was ensured at the NATO Summit, and bilateral contacts were conducted in the Netherlands. At the end of the month, President Erdoğan attended the Economic Cooperation Organization Summit held in Azerbaijan.
In July, diplomatic meetings were held with the leaders of Austria, Qatar, Iraq, Azerbaijan, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, the United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Malaysia, and France. On 20 July, a visit was made to the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to attend the anniversary ceremonies of the Cyprus Peace Operation. These engagements covered bilateral relations, regional developments, and potential areas of cooperation.
Overall, the first seven months of 2025 witnessed an intense and multifaceted diplomatic agenda for President Erdoğan. Meetings with counterparts across Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa addressed the current state of bilateral relations, regional dynamics, and global developments. Both in-person visits and telephone conversations contributed to maintaining existing partnerships and identifying new avenues for cooperation.
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